work ethic

The idea of productive labour, or work , being valued in and for itself by those who do it, encouraging them to invest greater effort than could be achieved by social pressures, incentive payments, or other devices developed by employers to extract maximum output from their workforces. The concept is a unique product of Western European culture; other cultures rely on different social, religious, and political ideologies to encourage productive labour and the fulfilment of social obligations. The idea was derived originally from the protestant ethic , which presents work as a religious and moral obligation, and is now widely used as simplified popular version of that concept, especially in the context of explanations for low or high productivity and economic growth . The relevant American and British research in sociology, psychology, economics, and political science is reviewed systematically in, Re-working the Work Ethic (1985). See also achievement motivation ; entrepreneur ; task-orientation versus time-orientation distinction ; work, subjective experience of.